Slider for slide fasteners



Nov. 3, 753 v. WEBER 2,

SLIDER FOR sums FASTENERS Filed May 2, 1950 3 Sheets-Sheet l Inventor mm! h/QBEK By Q Attorney Nov. 3, 1953 v. WEBER 2,657,445

SLIDER FOR SLIDE FASTENERS Filed May 2, 1950 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 o \III 108 12s 10s /9/ loe g F G. /O. 2/2 220 7 225 I 240 202 228 I nven Or 30/ Villain/WEBER Attorney Nov. 3, 1953 v. WEBER 2,657,445

SLIDER FOR SLIDE FASTENERS Filed May 2, 1950 a Sheets-Sht s 40/ I I I a Inventor V'tc zllq WEBER Attorney Patented Nov. 3, 1.953

UNITED STATES TENT OFFICE SLIDER FOR SLIDE FASTENERS Vitszlav Weber, Cardiff, Wales, assignor to Aero Zipp Fasteners Limited, London, England, a

British company 8 Claims.

Thi invention relates to slide fasteners, and more particularly to an automatically lockin slider for slide fasteners.

An object of the present invention is to provide an automatically locking slider which consists of a minimum number of parts which may be readily assembled.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an automatically locking slider which may be manufactured at low costs in mass production.

A further object of the present invention is to provide an automatically locking slider of a construction which lends itself to automatic methods of assembling the individual parts of the slider.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an automatically locking slider which does not require final adjustment of the assembled individual parts.

A further object of the present invention is to provide an automatically locking slider lacking any sharp external corners, which feature is particularly essential for many field wherein slide fasteners are used.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an automatically locking slider of sturdy construction which is very reliable in use.

A further object of the present invention is to provide an automatically locking slider having a neat appearance.

Another object of the present invention is to improve on the art of automatically locking slide fasteners as now ordinarily made.

Other objects and structural details of the invention will apparent from the following de-' scription when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings forming part of this specification, wherein:

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a slider according to the invention;

Fig. Zis a longitudinal sectional view taken along line lf-II of Fig. 1

Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken IIIIII of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a sectional view taken along line IVIV of Fig.

Fig. 5 illustrates a piece of metal for making a unit of the slider shown in Figs. 1 to 4;

Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the unit of the slider shown in Figs. 1 to 4;

Fig. 7 is a perspective View of a modified embodiment of a slider according to the invention;

Fig. 8 is a longitudinal sectional View taken along line VIIIVIII of Fig. 7;

. Fig. 9v is a sectional view taken along line IX IX-ofFig.7; J. g i

along line Fig. 10 is a longitudinal sectional view, similar to that shown in Fig. 8, however, of another embodiment of a slider according to the invention;

Fig. 11 is a sectional view taken along line XIXI of Fig. 10;

Fig. 12 is a longitudinal sectional view, similar to that shown in Fig. 8, however, of still another embodiment of a slider according to the invention;

I Fig. 13 is a fragmentary perspective view of a detail of the slider shown in Fig. 12;

' Fig. 14 is a perspective view of a further embodiment of a slider according to the invention; Fig. 15 is a longitudinal sectional view taken along line XVXV of Fig. 14, and

Fig. 16 is a sectional view taken along line XVI-XVI of Fig. 14. Referring now to Figs. 1 to 6, the slider comprises a slider body generally denoted by reference numeral l, a structural unit generally denoted by reference numeral 2, and a pull member 3 for operating the slider.

It is understood that in the specification and the appended claims the term slider body means the slider Without the structural unit and the pull member but including means for securing the structural unit to the slider.

The slider body I comprises an upper wing 4 and a lower wing 5 having inturned flanges B and 1 respectively, and being joined together in spaced relationship from each other by a neck portion 8 of a wedge-like shape to form a Y- shaped channel 9 between the wings. The upper Wing t has two windows IE! and I! and comprises means for securing the unit 2 of the slider body I- Said securing means include a connecting lug I2 mounted on the upper wing 4 at the wide end of the slider body I. A stopping lug I3 is mounted on said upper wing 4 at the opposite narrow end of the slider body I. The connecting lug 12 has lateral recesses 24 and the stopping lug 13 has lateral recesses 42, one such recess being provided at each side of each lug. The connecting lug It at the wide end of the slider has, in addition, at its outer surface a central recess or channel 25 leadin from the top of the lug l2 into a hole or cavity 26 in the neck portion 8, said cavity 26 being aligned with said channel 25. As can best be seen from Figs. 2 and 3, the lugs 12 and I3 have sloping center portions 21 and 23 respectively which form ribs for strengthening the upper wing 4. The lower wing 5 is provided with a single strengthening rib 29 at its lower surface (see Fig. 2).

The unit 2 comprises an attaching member in the shape of a cap-like yoke l4 having an upper portion or transverse wall it; from which two side walls l5 and ii depend, each having a cutout 58 extending from the lower edge of the respective side wall upwards for hinging the pull member 3 to the cap M. The above described construction of the cap-like yoke makes same rigid in its longitudinal direction. Each side wall is provided at one of its ends with 2. prong l-9- and at its opposite end with a prong 9!, each prong being rounded off at its tip and extending in the longitudinal direction of the cap Hi so as. to be aligned with the respective side wall t6 or ll and flush with the lower edge thereof. The unit 2 also comprises a flat spring 22, which is bent downwards and forms a tail like end. Each. side wall it, ll carries a finger 21 or 22' respec' tively which extends downwards. The fingers 21 and 22, and the flat spring 26 may be fixed. to the cap it in any convenient manner. Preferably, however, they are integral with the cap as shown in the drawings. In this case, the unit 2 may simply be manufactured from a piece of. metal generally indicated by reference numeral 5323 having the shape illustrated in Fig. 5 and having been punched out from suitable. stock material. Subsequently to, or simultaneously with, the punching process, the piece N23 is bent into shape of unit 2, the portions of the piece I023 corresponding to the parts it to 22 and SI. of the finished unit 2 being. indicated by corresponding reference numerals Illl5 to H322 and IBM. It will easily be recognized that owing to its shape the cap is substantially rigid in its longitudinal direction, that is to say it cannot, or cannot easily, be bent around an axis perpendicular to the side walls it, ill, while the side walls and the prongs l9 and Si thereon permit some flexing in the direction perpendicular to the said side walls.

The pull member 3 has a lower rim or pivotal portion Ina preferred manner of assembling the slider, the lower rim or pivotal portion 23 of the pull member 3 is inserted into both cut-outs l8 of the cap i l, whereupon the capis put onto the slider body i by passing the locking fingers 2'! and 22 through the windows ill and l i respectively of the upper wing 4 and simply inserting the prongs. 9| at the narrow end of the slider into the recesses d2 of the stopping lug i3. Furthermore, the flat spring 2% is engaged with the channel 25 of the connecting lug i2 and inserted into the cavity 25' of the neck portion {i and the prongs [9 at the wide end of the slider body l are flexed and snapped into position in engagement with the recesses 2d of the connecting lug E2.

The recesses 2 and 52 of the lugs 82 and ['3' receive the prongs i9 and 9! respectively with so that the cap-like yoke may be tilted from its normal locking position shown in full lines in 1 and 2 into a releasing position 64' shown in dash-and-dot lines in Fig. 2 and vice versa, while they prevent a disengagement of the prongs from the lugs. The depth of the recesses 24 and Q! is such that the outer surfaces of the prongs l9 and 9! respectively are substantially flush with the outer surfaces of the lugs I2 and I3. When the unit 2 has been secured to the slider body I, the flat spring 2% of the said unit is received by the central channel 25 of the connecting lug I2, and passes around the upper horizontal portion of said connecting lug 52, then through an angle of substantially 96 and along the vertical portion of the connecting lug I2 to enter the cavity 26 in the neck portion 3, and, terminates approximately in the plane of the lower surface of the upper wing 4 of the slider. The central channel 25 has such a depth that the outer surface of the flat spring 20 is substantially flush with the adjacent outer surfaces of the connecting lug l2. In order to bias the flat spring 20 so as to bear against the bottom surface of the channel 25 and a wall of the cavity 26 when assembled,

the spring is originally bent downwards fromits horizontal position, shown in Fig. 5, through an. angle in. excess of as shown in Fig. 6. The locking fingers 2i and 22 pass through the win dows It! and tl respectively when the unit 2 has been. secured to the slider body I. The fingers 2i and 22 are staggered relatively to one another by the; width of a fastener element of a slide. fastener in connection with which the slider is intended to be used so as to enable each locking. finger normally to engage a space between two adjacent fastener elements, and thereby to lock the slider in it position.

When the slider is used in association with the fastening elements of a slide fastener and a pull is exertedv on the pull. member 3 of the slider to opener close said slide fastener, the cap I4 is tilted against the action of the spring 20 about the joint formed by the prongs l9 movably engaged with the recesses 24 of the connecting lug 92, so that it reaches the position l4 shown in dash-and-dot lines in Fig. 2. Said tilted position M is limited by an abutment of the prongs 9| at the narrow end of the slider against a surface 520; (Fig. 2) of the recess 42 of the stopping lug it. During such a tilting. movement of the cap or attaching member M, the fingers 2| and 22 are retracted from or lifted out of the Y-shaped channel 9 between the wings ti and 5 of the slider, whereby the slider is released so as to follow the pull exerted on the pull member.

According to the embodiment of Figs. 7-9, again the upper wing m4 of the slider body Illl is provided with windows I It and l l l for the passage of the locking fingers (only the finger I22 being shown) normally extending into the slider channel :09. The pull member Hi3 is linked to the unit Hi2. The stopping lug it having lateral recesses Hi2 receiving the stopping prongs [9| of the unit 92 at the narrow end of the slider also corresponds to the stopping lug it of the embodiment shown in Figs. 1-6.

However, according to Figs. '7-9, the connecting lug H2 arranged at the wide end or the slider does-not-have lateral recesses. Instead, said con necting lug is provided with fiat side walls l2 la, wherein indentations 130 of preferably spherical shape are arranged for cooperation with complementary projections l3l on the adjacent prongs 1 [9 of the unit I 02 to form a pivot around which the cap H4 of the unit W2 may be tilted when the pull member I03 is operated.

Furthermore, the central channel of the connecting lug H2 merges into an additional channel I25| in the neck portion H28 0]"; the slider body llll, the additional channel I25! being in alignment with the central channel I25. The fiatspring 1200f the unit [02 is received by the central channel I25, and passes around the upper horizontal portion of the lug H2, then through an angle of substantially 90 and along the vertical portion of the lug H2 and is then received by the additional vertical channel l25l, and terminates at or near the lower surface of the lower wing H15 of the slider. If desired, however, the vertical channel I25! on the neck portion Hi8 could be replaced by a cavity similar to the cavity 26 shown in Fig. 2 but extending over substantially the same length as the channel 125i.

As best shown in Fig. 8, the cut-outs H8 in the cap II4 of the unit I02 for linking the pull member I03 thereto have sloping walls, and the ribs I21 and I28 of the lugs H2 and H3 are extended towards the middle of the slider into the region of the cut-outs II8, whereby the ribs I21 and I28, and the sloping walls of the cutouts H8 act as cam surfaces for the rim or pivotal portion I23 of the pull member, and facilitate swivelling or tilting of the unit I02 around its pivot I30, I3I when a pull is exerted on the pull member I03 to open or close the slide fastener. 7

According to the embodiment of Figs. and 11, the upper wing 204 of the slider body I carries again a connecting lug 2| 2 and a stopping lug 2I3. The stopping lug 213 has lateral recesses 242 receiving the stopping prongs 29I of the cap 2I4 of the unit 202 with play.

However, as best shown in Fig. 11, projections or protrusions 240 preferably of substantially spherical shape are arranged on each flat side wall 224a of the connecting lug 2 I2 each of said protrusions engaging a hole or recess MI in the adjacent prongs 2l9 of the unit 202 to form a pivot around which the unit 202 may swivel when the pull member 203 is operated. The upper horizontal portion of the connecting lug 2| 2 is provided with a central groove 225. The fiat spring 220 of the unit 202 is straight and lies substantially in the plane of the upper portion of the cap 2 I4 of the unit 202 at a distance from the upper surface of the upper wing 204 and is received by the groove 225 in the upper outer surface of the lug 2 I2.

On each side of the slider the cut-out 2 I8 (only one cut-out being shown in Fig. 10) in the cap of the unit 202 for linking the pull member 203 thereto has only one sloping wall which lies adjacent to the locking finger, for example locking finger 222, so as to act as a cam surface for the rim or pivotal portion 223 of the pull member 203 when the said pull member is operated to open the slide fastener. The ribs 221 and 228 of the lugs H2 and 2I3 do not extend into the region of the cut-outs 2I8 of the unit 202.

According to the embodiment shown in Figs. 12 and 13 the connecting lug 3I2 and the stopping lug 3I3 arranged in the slider body I have flat side walls.

The prongs 3I9 of the cap 3I4 of the unit 302 are provided with protrusions 33! of substan tially spherical shape movably engaged with complementary indentations arranged in the said walls of the connecting lug 3I2.

As shown in Figs. 12 and 13, each of the flat side walls 352a of the stopping lug 3I3 is provided with a curved elongated indentation 330. Each of the stopping prongs 33! of the cap 3M of the unit 302 is provided with a protrusion 392 movably engaged with the associated indentation 390 of the stopping lug 3I3. 1 7

As best shown in Fig. 12, the connecting lug 3! 2 is provided with a cavity 393 extending in the longitudinal axis of the slider 30L The flat spring 320 representing a continuation of the top transverse wall 3I5 of the cap 3I4 is straight and extends in a plane which lies above the pivot 33I of the unit 302 and is spaced from the upper surface of the slider body 30I. Theflatjspring 320 is inserted into the cavity 393 of the connecting lug M2 and bears against a wall of said cavity.

linked to the unit 302 by its pivotal portion 323 engaged with the cut-outs 3| 8 of the cap 3I4, the unit 302 is tilted upwardly about its pivot 33I until the protrusions 392 on the stopping prongs 39I abut against the upper end of the elongated indentations 390. Upon release of the pull member 303 the unit 302 is automatically returned into its original locking position by the action of the spring 320.

According to the embodiment shown in Figs. 14-16, again the slider body 40I is provided with a connecting lug 4I2 and a stopping lug M3. The stopping lug M3 is provided with lateral recesses 442 receiving the stopping prongs 49I of the cap 4I4 of the unit 402 with play.

As best shown in Figs. 15 and 16, the connecting lug M2 comprises a portion 334 having fiat side Walls 524a and a central channel 225. Furthermore, said connecting lug M2 has a covering portion 495 which during an intermediate step of the manufacture of the slider body 40! is in the position 435 shown in dash-and-dot lines in Fig. 15. After the fiat spring 420 has been engaged with the channel :25 during the assembling of the parts of the slider, the covering portion 435 of the connecting lug M2 is bent downwardly from the dash-and-dot line position 4195' into the position shown in full lines in Figs. 14-46, whereby the curved cavity 033 i formed. The curved spring 423, then, is housed in said curved cavity set. Lateral extensions or overhanging portions tee of the covering portion 495 of the connecting lug 5 i2 cover the upper portion of the prongs 63 of the cap 0M engaged with the side walls 424a of the portion 494 of the connecting lug H2, when the parts are assembled and the covering portion 095 ofthe connecting lug M2 bent downwardly.

When a pull is exerted on the pull member 403 linked to the unit 402, said unit may be tilted against the action of the spring 420 about the joint formed by the prongs M9 engaged with the connecting lug 352, until the stopping lugs 49I abut against the surface 042a of the recess 442 of the stopping lug 4H3.

If desired, the stopping lug M3 could also be made of two parts, similar to the two parts 4% V and 435 of the connecting lug M2, one part of which being in an upright position during an intermediate step of the manufacture of the slider and being bent downwardly during the assembling of the elements of the slider.

The slider body according to the invention may he made by casting, molding or coining and sWagmg.

It should be understood that the terms upper and lower and the like have been used merely for the purpose of facilitating the description of the invention and refer to the position of the slider and the cap as shown in the accompanying drawings. Of course, the slider may be used in any suitable position.

' I have described preferred embodiments of my invention, but it is understood that this disclosure is for the purpose of illustration and that various omissions or changes in shape, proportion and arrangement of parts, as well as the substitution of equivalent elements for those herein shown and described, may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.

For example, the tiltable unit of the slider may be provided with one locking finger instead of two locking fingers as shown in the drawings.

Furthermore, the embodimentsshown in Figs. 1-6, 10 and 11, 12 and 13, and 14-16 may be provided with ribs extending into the region of the cut-outs of the cap-like yoke for linking the pull member thereto, whereby the ribs act as cam surfaces similarly as described with reference to the embodiment shown in Figs. 7-9.

, Moreover, the cut-outs for linking the pull member to the cap-like yoke of the unit of Figs. 1-6, 12, and 14-16 may each have one or both side walls sloping.

What I claim is:

l. A slider for a slide fastener comprising in combination: a slider body having a V-shaped channel, an attaching member, a spring, at least one looking finger, said attaching member, spring and locking finger constituting a structural unit, said attaching member being substantially in the shape of a cap-like yoke having two side walls and a transverse wall connecting said side walls and being rigid in its longitudinal direction, said side walls extending in the direction of the longitudinal axis of said slider body, said attaching member being tiltably mounted in said slider body, a pull member linked. to said attaching member and through the latter to said slider body, and a lug mounted on said slider body, said locking finger normally extending towards said Y-shaped channel, said spring being in the shape of a fiat tail-like spring projecting and extending outwardly from said cap-like yoke, said lug having a second channel at its outer surface, said fiat spring being curved towards said slider body, passing around and bearing against the outer surface of said lug, being engaged with said second channel and bearing against the bottom surface of the latter for normally urging said locking finger towards said Y-shaped channel, and said pull member being arranged for acting on a portion of said unit so as to retract said locking finger from said Y-shaped channel against the action of said spring upon extertion of a pull on said pull member.

2. A slider for a slide fastener comprising in combination: a slider body having a Y-shaped channel, an attaching member, a spring, at least one looking finger, said attaching member, spring and locking finger constituting a structural unit, said attaching member being substantially in the shape of a cap-like yoke having two side walls and a transverse wall connecting said side walls and being rigid in its longitudinal direction, said side walls extending in the direction of the longitudinal axis of said slider body, a connecting lug mounted at one end of said slider body, a stopping lug mounted at the opposite end of said slider body, said locking finger normally extending towards said Y-shaped channel, said spring being in the shape of a flat tail-like spring projecting and extending outwardly from said cap-like yoke, said connecting lug having a second channel at its outer surface and two lateral recesses one at each of its sides, said fiat spring being curved towards said slider body, being engaged with said second channel and bearing against the bottom surface of the latter for 8 ber, and said stopping 111g being arranged for cooperation with said attaching member for limiting a tilting movement of the latter by said pull member against the action of said spring.

3. A slider for a slide fastener comprising in combination: a slider body having a Y-shaped channel, said slider body including a first wing, a second wing and a neck portion joining said wings in spaced relationship to each other, a lug mounted on said first wing, said lug having a second channel at its outer surface, said neck portion having a cavity in alignment with said second channel of said lug, an attaching member, a spring, at least one locking finger, said attaching member, spring and locking finger constituting a structural unit, said attaching member being substantially in the shape of a cap-like yoke having two side walls and a trans verse wall connecting said side walls and being rigid in its longitudinal direction, said side walls extending in the direction of the longitudinal axis of said slider body, said attaching member being tiltably mounted in said slider body, and a pull member linked tosaid attaching member and through the latter to said slider body, said locking finger normally extending towards said channel said spring being in the shape of a flat tail-like spring projecting and extending outwardly from said cap-like yoke, said flat spring being curved towards said first wing, being engaged with said second channel, bearing against the bottom surface of the latter, entering said cavity of the neck portion and bearing against a wall thereof for normally urging said locking finger towards said Y-shaped channel, and said pull member being arranged for acting on a portion of said unit so as to retract said locking finger from said Y-shaped channel against the action of said spring upon exertion of a pull on said pull member.

4. An automatic locking slider for a slide fastener, comprising a slider body, a pull member for operating the slider, and a one piece locking unit; the said slider body having opposing shields,

, and means extending therebetween for connecting said shields in spaced relation to form a Y-shaped channel for the passage of opposing scoop carrying stringers of a slide fastener, a guide channel extending downwardly in said shield connecting means and having side walls and a bottom, cooperating means on said locking unit and said slider body for rookingly connecting said locking unit to said slider body; the said locking unit comprising an open-ended channel shaped attaching member for linking said pull tab to said slider body, a locking finger, and a flat spring; said attaching member extending along one shield of the slider body and comprising two side walls extending in the longitudinal direction of slider body and a transverse wall connecting said side walls, said looking finger being integral with one of said side walls and extending therefrom beyond said one shield towards said other shield of the slider body, said fiat spring being-integral with and projecting from an end of said transverse wall and extendeddownwardly and entered in the channel of said shield connecting means at least a part of the length of said downwardly entered portion of said spring being bent inwardly and at an angle to and'bearing against a side wall and the bottom of the channel into which it is entered, the spring being thereby preloaded and normally biasing and locking unit towards said one shield about its rocking connection and thereby urging the free end of said locking finger towards said other shield, means operatively connecting said pull member with ,said attaching member and actu'atable upon exertion of a pull on said pull member to move the free end of said locking finger away from said other shield against the biasing action of said spring.

5. An automatic locking slider for a slide fastener, comprising a slider body, a pull member for operating the slider, and a one piece locking unit; the said slider body having opposing shields, and means extending therebetween for connecting said shields in spaced relation to form a Y-shaped channel for the passage of opposing scoop carrying stringers of a slide fastener, a guide channel extending downwardly in said shield connecting means, an upstanding lug at one end of said one shield of said slider body, cooperating means on said locking unit and upstanding lug for rockingly connecting said locking unit to said upstanding lug and thereby to said slider body, an arcuate channel formed on the upstanding lug; the said locking unit comprising an open-ended channel shaped attaching member for linking said pull tab to said slider body, a locking finger, and a flat spring; said attaching member extendin along one shield of the slider body and comprising two side walls extending in the longitudinal direction of said slider body and a transverse wall connecting said side walls, said locking finger being integral with one of said side walls and extending therefrom beyond said one shield towards said other shield of the slider body, said flat spring being integral with and projecting outwardly and downwardly from an end of said transverse wall and being entered respectively in the channels of said lug and said shield connecting means, at least a part of the length of the downwardly projecting portion of said spring being entered in the channel of said shield connecting means being bent inwardly and at an angle to and bearing against a wall thereof, the spring thereby being preloaded and normally biasing said locking unit towards said one shield about its rocking connection and thereby urging the free end of said locking finger towards said other shield, means operatively connecting said pull member with said attaching member and actuatable upon exertion of a pull on said pull member to move the free end of said locking finger away from said other shield against the biasing action of said spring.

6. An automatic locking slider as claimed in claim 4, wherein the cooperating means on said attaching member and on said slider body comprise a pair of fiat extensions integral with and projecting longitudinally from the side walls at one end of the attaching member, and said slider body has opposing longitudinally extending channels into which said extensions are disposed for rocking movement,

7. An automatic locking slider as claimed in claim 5, wherein the cooperating means on said attaching member and on said connecting lug comprise a pair of flat extensions integral with and projecting longitudinally from the side walls at one end of the attaching member, and said connecting lug has on each side thereof longitudinally extending channels into which said extensions are disposed for rocking movement.

8. An automatic locking slider as claimed in claim 5 wherein an upstanding stopping lug is mounted on said one shield at the opposite end thereof, and wherein the cooperating means on said attaching portion and on said connecting lug comprise a pair of flat extensions integral with and projecting longitudinally from the side wall at one end of the attaching member, and said connecting lug has on each side thereof 1ongitudinally extending channels into which said extensions are disposed for rocking movement, and wherein a second pair of extensions which are integral with and project from side walls at the opposite ends of the latter to cooperate with the stopping lug, whereby the latter limits the rocking movement of said attaching portion away from the one shield under exertion of a pull on said pull member against the biasing action of said spring.

vITEszLAv WEBER.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,875,420 Cooper Sept. 6, 1932 1,966,457 Norton July 17, 1934 1,967,137 Soundback July 17, 1934 2,178,949 Brozek Nov. 7, 1939 2,197,690 Gay 1- Apr. 16, 1940 2,222,529 Dahlin Nov. 19, 1940 2,280,968 Newhall Apr. 28, 1942 2,296,825 Carlile Sept. 29, 1942 2,463,074 Weber Mar. 1, 1949 2,477,439 Carlile July 26, 1949 2,523,740 Ulrich Sept. 26, 1950 

